Coal & Minerals

Coal & Minerals Products

1. 

   Thermal Coal

   • Thermal coal, also called steam coal, is primarily used as a fuel for electricity generation and industrial heating.
   • Its commercial value is mainly determined by calorific value, total moisture, ash, sulfur, volatile matter and fixed carbon.
   • It is widely consumed by power plants, cement factories and industrial boilers.
   • Thermal coal is commonly traded in bulk and transported by rail, barge and dry-bulk vessels.
   • Major international grades are generally marketed according to origin, energy content and environmental specifications.

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2. 

   Coking Coal

   • Coking coal is a metallurgical coal used mainly to produce coke for blast-furnace steelmaking.
   • When heated without oxygen, suitable grades soften, fuse and form a strong porous coke structure.
   • Important quality parameters include ash, sulfur, volatile matter, fluidity, CSR, CRI and coking strength.
   • It is commonly classified as hard coking coal, semi-hard coking coal and other metallurgical coal grades.
   • Coking coal is a strategically important raw material for integrated iron and steel production.

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3. 

   Anthracite

   • Anthracite is a high-rank coal characterized by high fixed carbon, low volatile matter and a relatively high calorific value.
   • It burns with comparatively little smoke and is used in industrial heating, metallurgy, water filtration and certain carbon applications.
   • Commercial quality is generally assessed through fixed carbon, ash, moisture, sulfur, volatile matter and particle size.
   • Anthracite may be supplied as lump, nut, grain or smaller screened sizes depending on the end use.
   • Its hardness, low impurity content and clean-burning characteristics make it a premium coal product in many markets.

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4. 

   Iron Ore

   • Iron ore is the principal mineral raw material used to manufacture iron and steel.
   • Major iron-bearing minerals include hematite and magnetite, which are processed into lump ore, fines, concentrates and pellets.
   • Commercial quality is typically determined by iron content together with silica, alumina, phosphorus, sulfur and moisture.
   • It is transported globally in very large quantities using rail systems, stockyards and dry-bulk vessels.
   • Iron ore pricing and usability depend strongly on grade, particle size, beneficiation level and steel-mill requirements.

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5. 

   Manganese Ore

   • Manganese ore is an essential mineral used mainly in steelmaking and ferroalloy production.
   • Manganese improves steel strength, hardness, toughness and resistance to wear.
   • Commercial ore is commonly evaluated according to manganese content, iron, silica, phosphorus, moisture and size distribution.
   • It is used to manufacture ferromanganese, silicomanganese and other manganese-based alloys and chemicals.
   • Manganese ore is usually traded in lump, fines or concentrated forms for metallurgical and industrial applications.

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6. 

   Chrome Ore

   • Chrome ore, commonly called chromite ore, is the principal raw material used to produce ferrochrome and chromium chemicals.
   • Ferrochrome is essential for manufacturing stainless steel and other corrosion-resistant alloys.
   • Important commercial parameters include chromium oxide content, Cr/Fe ratio, silica, alumina, magnesium, moisture and particle size.
   • Chrome ore may be supplied as lump, fines, concentrate or briquetted material depending on processing requirements.
   • Its main markets include stainless steel, refractory materials, foundries and chemical manufacturing.

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7. 

   Copper Ore

   • Copper ore contains copper-bearing minerals that are mined and processed to produce copper concentrates and ultimately refined copper metal.
   • Common copper minerals include chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcocite and various oxide ores.
   • Commercial evaluation focuses on copper grade together with gold, silver, sulfur, arsenic and other payable or penalty elements.
   • Copper is essential for electrical cables, electronics, renewable-energy systems, construction, machinery and transportation.
   • Ore is normally crushed, concentrated and then supplied to smelters or hydrometallurgical facilities for further processing.

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8. 

   Bauxite

   • Bauxite is the principal ore used for the production of alumina and subsequently aluminum metal.
   • It mainly contains aluminum-bearing minerals such as gibbsite, boehmite and diaspore along with silica and iron compounds.
   • Commercial quality is commonly assessed by available alumina, reactive silica, moisture, iron content and particle size.
   • Bauxite is processed through the Bayer process to produce alumina, which is then smelted into aluminum.
   • It is widely traded in bulk for aluminum production, refractory applications, cement and specialty chemical industries.

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9. 

   Bentonite

   • Bentonite is a naturally occurring clay largely composed of the mineral montmorillonite and is valued for its swelling and absorption properties.
   • It is widely used in drilling fluids, foundry sands, construction, waterproofing, animal feed, cat litter and environmental applications.
   • Commercial types include sodium bentonite, calcium bentonite and various activated or processed grades.
   • Quality parameters may include swelling capacity, viscosity, moisture, montmorillonite content, fluid loss and particle size.
   • Bentonite is commonly supplied as powder, granules, lumps or specially formulated industrial products.

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10. 

    Gypsum

    • Gypsum is a naturally occurring mineral composed mainly of calcium sulphate dihydrate.
    • It is widely used in cement production, plaster, drywall, building materials, agriculture and certain industrial processes.
    • Commercial quality is normally evaluated by gypsum purity, calcium sulphate content, moisture, free water and impurities.
    • It may be supplied as raw gypsum rock, crushed gypsum, powder or calcined material such as plaster of Paris.
    • Gypsum is an important construction mineral because of its workability, fire resistance and ability to control cement setting.

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11. 

    Limestone

    • Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of calcium carbonate and is one of the world's most widely used industrial minerals.
    • It is used in cement manufacturing, steelmaking, lime production, construction aggregates, agriculture and environmental treatment.
    • Commercial specifications commonly consider calcium carbonate content, magnesium, silica, alumina, iron, moisture and particle size.
    • High-purity limestone is particularly valuable for chemical, glass, metallurgical and flue-gas treatment applications.
    • It is supplied as blocks, crushed stone, screened aggregates, powder or processed lime depending on the intended use.

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